Impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en Perú / Impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits in Peru

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación de la población peruana. El estudio fue descriptivo simple y contó con una muestra de 3 618 personas de entre 18 y 69 años de edad, residentes en el Perú. Se aplicó en forma online un cuestionario tipo Likert de 36 ítems que midieron 6 dimensiones. La validez de contenido del instrumento fue evaluada por 20 expertos, y la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad fueron evaluadas en una muestra piloto de 200 sujetos. Los resultados evidenciaron un impacto positivo del aislamiento social en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación (54,4 por ciento), que fue más alto en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación online (62,2 por ciento); la utilidad de los medios de comunicación (59,1 por ciento); la necesidad de información sobre la COVID-19 (47,7 por ciento); la interactividad a través de los medios de comunicación (43,7 por ciento) y la preferencia de los medios comunicación (41,9 por ciento); mientras que el impacto nulo fue preponderante en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación offline (46 por ciento) y en la actitud hacia el tratamiento de la información sobre la COVID-19 (48,4 por ciento). Se concluyó que el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en la población estudiada fue positivo, con mayor incidencia en los medios online(AU)

The research aimed to determine the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on the media consumption habits among the Peruvian population. It was a simple descriptive study that included a sample of 3618 people between the ages of 18 and 69, residing in Peru. A Likert questionnaire of 36 items measuring 6 dimensions was applied online; the content validity of the instrument was evaluated by 20 experts, and the construct validity and reliability were evaluated in a pilot sample of 200 subjects. The results showed a positive impact of social isolation on media consumption habits (54,4 percent), which was higher in the frequency of online media consumption (62.2 percent), the usefulness of the media (59.1 percent), the need for information about COVID-19 (47.7 percent), the interactivity through the media (43.7 percent), and the media preference (41.9 percent); whereas the null impact was predominant in the frequency of offline media consumption (46 percent) and in the attitude towards the treatment of information about COVID-19 (48.4 percent). It was concluded that the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits among the studied population was positive, with greater incidence in online media(AU)

Lateral Approach to the Maxillary Sinus and Mandibular Canal in Severely Atrophied Posterior Alveolar Bone.

PURPOSE: To present a technique to rehabilitate atrophied alveolar ridges in the posterior maxilla and mandible using bone lateral to the maxillary sinus and to the inferior alveolar nerve and to present a retrospective study of the technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Severe resorption of the posterior region of the maxilla and mandible was treated following a conservative approach. Patients who presented this bone crest condition that impeded the placement of implants and had an anatomy that allowed the inferior alveolar nerve or the maxillary sinus to be approached laterally were treated. The bone ridge thickness lateral to the maxillary sinus and the inferior alveolar nerve was measured by computed tomography, and implants with a wedge-shaped design were placed in the available bone. A retrospective review of clinical records of these patients, treated between 1998 and 2012 at the Clinest - Clinical Center of Research in Stomatology, was conducted. The studied variables were surgical and prosthetic complications, the implant survival rate, and the difference between the remaining bone ridge measurement in the ridge center and the implant length placed laterally. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. These patients received 208 implants according to the aforementioned technique. The mean implant length gain was 6.9 mm, varying from 0.5 to 12 mm. The cumulative survival rate was high for both maxillaries. For the implants placed beside the inferior alveolar nerve, none were lost at 2 years, two were lost at 5 years, and four were lost at 10 years. For the implants placed beside the maxillary sinus, only four implants were lost at 10 years. Nerve injuries and surgical/prosthetic complications occurred but were not significant. CONCLUSION: The use of available bone alongside the maxillary sinus and inferior alveolar nerve to place implants is a surgical possibility, and a predictable, safe approach, albeit delicate and experience-dependent.

Permanencia de la mujer en relación violenta con su agresor en Jauja, Perú

El objetivo fue identificar las características sociales, económicas, culturales y emocionales de las mujeres que permanecen en una relación violenta con su agresor en Jauja. La población fue de 686 y la muestra 148 mujeres víctimas de violencia. El instrumento fue el cuestionario, cuya validez fue 0,72 a 0,99 y para la confiabilidad se utilizó el alfa de Crombach, cuyo resultado fue 0,955. Las características sociales de estas mujeres son: El 34% tiene de 28 a 37 años, 49% posee secundaria, 43% tiene de 3 a 4 hijos, 51% en caso de separarse, viviría en casa de sus familiares. Así mismo dentro de las características económicas el 43%, se dedican al trabajo doméstico, el 37% perciben menos de S/400. En las características culturales, el 74% de los cónyuges imponen autoridad y dentro de las características emocionales, el 43% evitan no separarse de su pareja. Se concluye, que la mayoría de ellas, son jóvenes, su ocupación principal es el trabajo doméstico, aunque algunas trabajan fuera del hogar con ingresos económicos menos de S/400.00 con prevalencia del machismo en su hogar y temor a la ruptura de pareja.

The objective was to identify the social, economic, cultural and emotional characteristics of women who remain in a violent relationship with their aggressor in Jauja. The population was 686 and the sample 148 women victims of violence. The instrument was the questionnaire, whose validity was 0.72 to 0.99, and for reliability, the Cronbachs alpha was used, whose result was 0.955. The social characteristics of these women are: 34% are 28 to 37 years old, 49% have just high school education, 43% have 3 to 4 children, 51% if they get separated, would live at home with their relatives. Also within the economic characteristics 43%, are dedicated to domestic work, 37% receive less than S / 400 in earnings. In the cultural characteristics, 74% of the spouses impose authority and within the emotional characteristics, 43% avoid not separating from their partner. It is concluded that most of them are young people, whose main occupation is domestic work, although some work outside the home with economic incomes less than S / 400.00 with a prevalence of machismo in their home and fear of breaking up.

O objetivo foi identificar as características sociais, econômicas, culturais e emocionais das mulheres que mantêm um relacionamento violento com o agressor em Jauja. A população era de 686 e a amostra de 148 mulheres vítimas de violência. O instrumento foi o questionário, com validade de 0,72 a 0,99 e, para confiabilidade, foi utilizado o alfa de Crombach, cujo resultado foi 0,955. As características sociais dessas mulheres são: 34% têm de 28 a 37 anos, 49% têm ensino médio, 43% têm de 3 a 4 filhos, 51% se separadas, morariam em casa com suas famílias. Também dentro das características econômicas 43%, dedicadas ao trabalho doméstico, 37% recebem menos que S / 400. Nas características culturais, 74% dos cônjuges impõem autoridade e, dentro das características emocionais, 43% evitam não se separar do parceiro. Conclui-se que a maioria é composta por jovens, cuja principal ocupação é o trabalho doméstico, embora alguns trabalhem fora de casa com renda econômica inferior a S / 400,00, com prevalência de machismo em sua casa e medo de desmembramento.

Eficácia de um agente cimentante e antisséptico no controle bacteriano nas conexões dos implantes / Efficacy of a cementing and antiseptic agent in preventing contamination and bacterial flow at the dental implant connection

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de um antisséptico de longa duração no controle microbiano dos espaços entre o implante e o parafuso de cobertura (PC), pela contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs) no ato da reabertura. Material e métodos: foram selecionados 70 sítios em 17 pacientes, para instalação de implantes dentais, e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No grupo experimental (n=35), o antisséptico foi aplicado na rosca do PC, imediatamente antes de sua instalação. No grupo-controle, a instalação do PC foi feita sem o antisséptico. A reabertura foi realizada após seis meses e os PCs foram removidos e armazenados em frascos assépticos contendo solução salina. Cada amostra foi centrifugada, diluída seriadamente até 10-10, semeada e encubada em microaerofi lia para a cultura de UFCs. Após a contagem, as análises estatísticas comparativas foram feitas pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). Resultados: o grupo-controle apresentou média de 7,18 x 107 UFC/ml, enquanto no experimental a média foi de 2,12 x 105 UFC/ml. O crescimento bacteriano foi significativamente menor no grupo experimental (p=0,0003). Conclusão: o antisséptico reduziu signifi cativamente o crescimento bacteriano entre implante e parafuso de cobertura, tendo sido eficaz no controle microbiano destes espaços.

Objective: to evaluate the effi cacy of a long-term antiseptic in bacterial control of the spaces between the implant and the cover screw (PC), by counting colony-forming units (UFC) at the time of the re-entry surgery. Material and methods: seventy sites for implant placement were selected in 17 patients referred for dental implants, and divided randomly into two groups. In the experimental group (n=35), the antiseptic was applied on the thread of the PC immediately before installation. In the control group, the PC was installed with no antiseptic. The re-entry was performed after six months, the PCs removed and stored in asseptic recipients containing saline solution. Each sample was centrifuged, diluted serially up to 10-10, seeded and incubated in microaerophilic conditions for CFU culture. After counting, statistical comparative analyzes were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Results: the control group had a mean of 7.18 x 107 CFU/mL, while the experimental average was 2.12 x 105 CFU/mL. Bacterial growth was significantly lower in the experimental group (p=0.0003). Conclusion: the antiseptic reduced, significantly, the bacterial contamination in the spaces between the implant and the cover screw, being effective in the microbial control of those spaces.

Mycobacterial Peritonitis in CAPD Patients in Limpopo: A 6-Year Cumulative Report from a Single Center in South Africa.

South Africa has one of the highest incidences of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide due to the ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. There are, however, no reports on peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South Africa. The aim of this study is to discuss our experience of tuberculous peritonitis in CAPD patients from a rural endemic area of South Africa. This is a retrospective descriptive study of CAPD patients diagnosed with mycobacterium peritonitis infection from January 2008 to August 2014 at the Limpopo Kidney and Dialysis Centre (LKDC) in South Africa. The diagnosis of peritonitis was based on the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) 2010 recommendations. Peritoneal fluid samples were collected in BACTEC Myco/F Lytic Culture Vials (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Dublin, Ireland). Tenckhoff catheter tips were sent for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and TB culture. Mycobacterium infection was considered in patients with clinical features of peritonitis if 1) AFB smear or TB culture was positive or 2) if the patient was smear- or culture-negative but had suggestive radiological features of TB in the lungs or abdomen or 3) if the patient improved clinically following treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs. Of 170 patients on CAPD for the period reviewed, 12 (7.1%) were diagnosed and treated for mycobacterial peritonitis. There was an equal number of males and females, and all the patients were Black Africans with a mean age of 35.4 years (17-51 years). Eight of the 12 patients (66.7%) had had previous episodes of non-tuberculous peritonitis. Four patients (33.3%) had elevated white blood cell count (WCC) while 9 had higher polymorph count in the PD fluid than lymphocyte count. Mycobacterial organism was confirmed in 9/12 (75%), while the diagnosis was made on clinical and radiological features in the remaining 3 patients. Seven patients (58.3%) died, 10 patients were permanently transferred to hemodialysis (HD), 1 patient returned to PD after a short stay on HD, 1 patient died after 2 years on HD due to lack of further access to dialysis, and in 1 patient, the catheter could not be removed before death. This case series corroborates findings from other previous series that mycobacterial infection in PD patients carries a high mortality and can often pose a diagnostic challenge to attending clinicians. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for mycobacterial peritonitis in CAPD patients with features of peritonitis who do not respond promptly to conventional anti-microbial agents. We feel that the recommendation about catheter removal during mycobacterial peritonitis should be revisited, as it had no impact on our patients' outcome.

Calciphylaxis in end-stage renal disease prior to dialytic treatment: a case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Calciphylaxis is a rare medical condition that is usually diagnosed in patients suffering from end-stage renal disease who are already receiving renal replacement therapy and in those post-transplantation. The pathogenesis still remains to be fully elucidated; hence, the treatment is not uniform. The prognosis is generally poor. The ulcerative stage exhibits a worse prognosis than the nonulcerative one. Calciphylaxis presenting in terminal kidney disease prior to dialytic treatment has only rarely been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old female Caucasian clerk sought medical attention for increasing tiredness and lower limb skin ulcers. Polycystic kidney disease was diagnosed in her late father and two of her siblings. At the first nephrology consultation, obesity, pallor, bilateral flank masses with ballottement, and two ulcers with a dark necrotic center on the distal left leg were noted. In addition, another indurated light bluish lesion of 5 cm just above the right knee with intact skin was observed. All lesions were very tender and warm on touch. Laboratory results yielded hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, anemia, and parathyroid hormone levels that were more than ten times the normal values in the patient, and with a glomerular filtration rate of 4 mL/minute. Skin biopsy confirmed the suspicion of calciphylaxis. The patient was placed on peritoneal dialysis with low Ca concentration baths, cinacalcet, and aluminum hydroxide. The results included correction of hypercalcemia, improvement of phosphate levels, and the product of both Ca and phosphate, but only a transitory decrease in serum parathyroid hormone levels. The ulcerations were completely healed after 2 months of treatment. Cinacalcet was discontinued after 18 months, but multiple large-size, nonulcerative indurated areas appeared 3 months later in the lower limbs after discontinuation of the drug. A parathyroidectomy performed 17 months later revealed a four-gland hyperplastic disease. The patient experienced relief of skin symptoms soon after the procedure and remains in a very satisfactory condition. CONCLUSION: Calciphylaxis is a very complex clinical entity. Calciphylaxis presenting prior to dialytic treatment in end-stage renal disease is rare in the absence of a trigger. Cinacalcet and parathyroidectomy should be considered in selected patients.

Retrospective study of the survival and associated risk factors of wedge-shaped implants.

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term behavior of wedge-shaped implants and evaluate the influence of the associated risk factors on implant survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records of patients treated with wedge-shaped implants between 1992 and 2011 was conducted. Data on patient sex, age, smoking habits, and history of periodontitis; details of implant length, diameter, angle, and location; and data on surgical, reconstructive, and prosthetic procedures, and systemic disease were selected for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,169 implants placed in 154 patients (mean age 55.17 ± 11.33 years) were evaluated. Women received 637 implants, and men received 532 implants; 60.4% were placed in patients who were undergoing periodontal maintenance care, 17.9% in smokers, 17.7% in hypertensive patients, 5.7% in diabetic patients, and 4.4% in cardiac patients. The mean overall survival for implants was 194.26 ± 9.91 months. Seventy-three implants were lost: 3 before implant loading and 70 after loading. The cumulative survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 96.6% (confidence interval [CI]: 95.5% to 97.7%) and 91.8% (CI: 90.1% to 94.1%), respectively. Univariate analysis indicated tobacco smoking (P = .014) and implant location (P < .001) as significant risk factors for implant failure. The multivariate analysis showed tobacco smoking (P = .016), location (P = .001), and male sex (P = .038) as significant, and the latter factor was associated with previous periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival of the wedge-shaped implant showed good long-term results. Male sex, tobacco smoking, and posterior maxillary location were associated with a greater risk of implant failure.

Sutures coated with antiseptic pomade to prevent bacterial colonization: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess if an antiseptic pomade could reduce the bacterial colonization on multifilament sutures. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 40 volunteer patients of both sexes aged 18-70, randomly separated into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The experimental group received pomade-coated sutures (iodoform + calendula) and the control group uncoated sutures. Two millimeters of the suture was harvested from each patient from the 1st to the 15th postoperative day. The bacteria that had adhered to them were cultured. The number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was determined and the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney statistical test (P < .05). RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth compared with the control group (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, the antiseptic pomade was effective in reducing bacterial colonization on silk braided sutures.

Explantação, reimplantação e regeneração tecidual guiada / Explantation, reimplantation and guide tissue regeneration. Case report

Este trabalho descreve a sequência de procedimentos clínicos, desde explantação e reimplantação, coadjuvados pela regeneração tecidual guiada (RTG), utilizados em um caso no qual o implante encontrava-se instalado fora do envelope esqueletal, com perda óssea e deiscência da mucosa na região vestibular, comprometendo a estética e a própria sobrevivência do implante. O resultado mostrou-se previsível e eficiente.

This report describes a sequence of procedures, explantation, and GTR-assisted reimplantation, used in a case where the implant was installed outside of the alveolar bone envelope. The bone and soft tissue dehiscence in the buccal region compromised the aesthetics and even the implant survival.

Métodos e procedimentos para o controle bacteriano no interior dos implantes dentais: revisão de literatura / Materials and methods to bacterial control of the interior of dental implants: literature review

A contaminação bacteriana da luz e dos espaços entre as conexões dos implantes pode causar mucosite e periimplantite. Várias tentativas têm sido feitas no intuito de controlar esta contaminação e evitar os seus problemas consequentes, entre os quais, a própria perda do implante. Este estudo é uma revisão sobre os, dispositivos ou medicamentos utilizados até o momento, visando este controle. Não foram encontrados dispositivos totalmente eficazes em eliminar a contaminação nos implantes, mas a conexão cone Morse, o anel de silicone e a pomada anti-séptica Proheal alcançaram níveis de evidência que garantem sua capacidade in vivo de reduzir significativamente esta contaminação. A pomada a base de iodofórmio, teve, entre estes, o melhor desempenho

Bacterial contamination of the inner ambient of the dental implants is a fact and may cause mucositis and peri-implantitis. Different methods have been tempted to prevent this contamination. The objective of this study was to review the literature and decide which would be the most efficient. Among different resources found, the cone Morse connection, the silicone ring and the pomade Proheal, with particular emphasis on this last one, provided enough evidence to guarantee some effectiveness

Explantação, reimplantação e regeneração tecidual guiada / Explantation, reimplantation and guide tecidual regeneration: case report

Este trabalho descreve a sequência de procedimentos clínicos, desde explantação e reimplantação, coadjuvados pela regeneração tecidual guiada (RTG), utilizados em um caso no qual o implante encontrava-se instalado fora do envelope esqueletal, com perda óssea e deiscência da mucosa na região vestibular, comprometendo a estética e a própria sobrevivência do implante. O resultado mostrou-se previsível e eficiente.

This report describes a sequence of procedures, explantation, and GTR-assisted reimplantation, used in a case where the implant was installed outside of the alveolar bone envelope. The bone and soft tissue dehiscence in the buccal region compromised the aesthetics and even the implant survival.

Prevalencia de anemia en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica no dialítica / Anemia Prevalence in Chronic Renal Failure Patients without Dialysis Therapy

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 121 pacientes con el diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal crónica con seguimiento estable por Consulta de Nefrología del Hospital Lucía Íñiguez Landín. Los datos se obtuvieron de las pancartas de seguimiento individual de cada enfermo. El 22,31 por ciento de los pacientes tenía anemia y la edad promedio fue 57,14 años resultando superior entre los pacientes anémicos pero sin significación estadística. El promedio de filtración glomerular fue significativamente menor en el primer grupo, entre los que predominó también el sexo femenino. En la mayoría de los casos se desconocía la causa de la insuficiencia renal crónica y ninguna etiología se relacionó con la existencia de anemia. Sólo el sexo femenino y el grado de función renal se relacionaron significativamente con la presencia de anemia...(AU)

A retrospective study in 121 chronic renal failure patients at Lucia Íñiguez Landín Hospital was done. The mean age was 57,14 years and 22,3 percent of the patients suffered from anemia. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in the first group of them, predominating the females patients. In most of the patients the cause of anemia and chronic renal failure etiology were unknown...(AU)

Respuesta de los pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de rechazo agudo de trasplante renal, al tratamiento con metilprednisolona / Response to Methylprednisolone Treatment in Patients with Renal Transplant Acute Rejection Initial Diagnosis

La disminución en la incidencia de rechazos agudos al trasplante renal resistente al tratamiento inicial con esteroides ofrece ventajas innegables desde el punto de vista económico y de la evolución del injerto. Para determinar la respuesta de los pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de rechazo agudo al tratamiento con metilprednisolona e intentar identificar algunos factores que puedan asociarse a su aparición se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 62 pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de rechazo agudo al trasplante renal en el Hospital Lucía Iñiguez Landín en los años 2003 y 2004. El 37,1 por ciento de los enfermos no tuvo una respuesta favorable al tratamiento con metilprednisolona, de los cuales el 69,56 por ciento tenía menos de tres meses de trasplantado, lo que resultó estadísticamente significativo al compararlo con los enfermos que si respondieron al tratamiento...(AU)

Reduction in steroids resistant renal allograft acute rejections incidence offers several advantages. For investigating the response to metilprednisolone and some associated factors, a retrospective study was done in 62 patients with acute rejection initial diagnosis at Lucía Iñiguez Hospital in 2003 and 2004. 37,1 percent of patients did not response to metilprednisolone, and 69,56 percent of them were in the first three months of transplantation, which was statistically significant. Acute rejection diagnosis was done clinically in 87,1 percent and confirmatory renal graft biopsy was done in 17,75 percent...(AU)

Finite element stress analysis of dental prostheses supported by straight and angled implants.

PURPOSE: A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate and compare the stress distribution around two prosthesis-implant systems, in which implants were arranged in either a straight-line or an intrabone offset configuration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systems were modeled with three titanium implants placed in the posterior mandible following a straight line along the bone. The straight system was built with three straight implants (no offset). The angled system was built as follows: the first implant (mesial) was an angled implant inclined lingually, the second (median) was straight, and the third (distal) was another angled implant inclined buccally. This buccal incline created an intrabone implant offset owing to the inclination of the angled implants' bodies. Each system received a metal-ceramic prosthesis with crowns that mimicked premolar anatomy. In both systems, an axial load of 100 N and a horizontal load of 20 N were applied on the center of the crown of the middle implant. RESULTS: In both systems, the major von Mises stresses occurred with vertical loading on the mesial and the distal neck area of the first and third implants, respectively: 6.304 MPa on the first implant of the straight system and 6.173 MPa on the third implant in the angled system. The peak stress occurred for the minimum principal stress (S3) on the neck of the first implant for both systems at the level of -8.835 MPa for the straight system and -8.511 MPa for the angled system. There was no stress concentration on the inner or outer angles of the angled implants, on the notches along the implant body, or on any apex. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, the angled system did not induce a stress concentration in any point around the implants that was different from that of the straight system. The stress distribution was very similar in both systems.